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Anatomical skeleton of the upper body

← Atlas overview

Atlas · Conditions

All conditions, one library.

Every orthopaedic condition in the Atlas, searchable and filterable by anatomical region. Each entry is written for clinicians and cites the evidence where it matters.

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Region

35 of 35 conditions

DegenerativeFoot & Ankle

Achilles Tendinopathy

A degenerative overuse disorder of the Achilles tendon characterised by pain and impaired performance; distinct midportion and insertional subtypes are recognised.

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TraumaticFoot & Ankle

Achilles Tendon Rupture

Complete disruption of the Achilles tendon, typically in middle-aged recreational athletes, causing sudden calf pain and loss of plantarflexion power.

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InflammatoryShoulder

Adhesive Capsulitis (Frozen Shoulder)

A self-limiting but prolonged inflammatory and fibrotic contracture of the glenohumeral capsule producing marked pain and loss of motion.

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CongenitalSpine

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis

A three-dimensional deformity of the growing spine of unknown cause, characterised by lateral curvature and vertebral rotation during adolescence.

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Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tear

A ligamentous disruption most often sustained during pivoting or deceleration in sport, producing rotational instability of the knee.

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TraumaticShoulder

Anterior Shoulder Instability

Recurrent or symptomatic anterior translation of the humeral head from the glenoid, typically following a traumatic dislocation in a young patient.

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DegenerativeHip

Avascular Necrosis of the Femoral Head

Ischaemic death of subchondral bone in the femoral head leading to collapse, secondary arthritis, and a disproportionate burden in young adults.

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InflammatoryHand & Wrist

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the median nerve at the wrist beneath the transverse carpal ligament, producing the most common upper-limb entrapment neuropathy.

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DegenerativeSpine

Cervical Radiculopathy

Compression or inflammation of a cervical nerve root producing dermatomal arm pain with or without motor and reflex changes.

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DegenerativeSpine

Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy

Degenerative narrowing of the cervical canal producing chronic spinal cord compression and progressive neurological dysfunction.

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InflammatoryElbow

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome

Compression of the ulnar nerve at the elbow, producing medial elbow pain, ulnar-sided hand paraesthesia, and eventually intrinsic weakness.

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InflammatoryHand & Wrist

De Quervain's Tenosynovitis

Painful tenosynovitis of the first dorsal extensor compartment at the wrist, involving APL and EPB tendons.

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Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip

A spectrum of abnormal acetabular and femoral development ranging from mild instability in infancy to frank dislocation and adult dysplastic arthritis.

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DegenerativeHip

Femoroacetabular Impingement

Abnormal morphological contact between the proximal femur and acetabular rim during hip motion, implicated as a precursor of premature osteoarthritis.

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DegenerativeShoulder

Glenohumeral Osteoarthritis

Degenerative cartilage loss in the glenohumeral joint causing progressive pain and stiffness, often with characteristic posterior glenoid erosion.

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DegenerativeHip

Greater Trochanteric Pain Syndrome

Lateral hip pain arising from gluteal tendinopathy, tears, or trochanteric bursitis; now recognised as a tendinopathic rather than purely bursal disorder.

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DegenerativeFoot & Ankle

Hallux Valgus

Progressive lateral deviation of the great toe with medial eminence prominence, often accompanied by pain and functional footwear difficulty.

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DegenerativeHip

Hip Osteoarthritis

Degenerative cartilage loss in the acetabulofemoral joint producing groin pain, stiffness, and progressive functional impairment.

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InflammatoryKnee

Iliotibial Band Syndrome

An overuse syndrome of the lateral knee in runners and cyclists, producing pain as the iliotibial band tracks over the lateral femoral epicondyle.

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DegenerativeKnee

Knee Osteoarthritis

Progressive loss of articular cartilage with associated subchondral bone, capsular, and periarticular changes, producing pain, stiffness, and functional decline.

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DegenerativeElbow

Lateral Epicondylitis (Tennis Elbow)

Degenerative enthesopathy of the common extensor origin at the lateral humeral epicondyle, a frequent cause of lateral elbow pain.

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DegenerativeSpine

Lumbar Disc Herniation

Displacement of nucleus pulposus material beyond the disc space, commonly causing radiculopathy through compression of a nerve root.

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DegenerativeSpine

Lumbar Spinal Stenosis

Narrowing of the central canal, lateral recess, or foramen of the lumbar spine producing neurogenic claudication in older adults.

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DegenerativeSpine

Lumbar Spondylolisthesis

Slippage of one vertebral body on another, typically at L4-5 (degenerative) or L5-S1 (isthmic), producing back pain, radiculopathy, or neurogenic claudication.

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Meniscal Tear

Injury to the medial or lateral fibrocartilaginous meniscus, ranging from acute sport-related tears in young patients to degenerative tears in mid-life.

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DegenerativeFoot & Ankle

Morton's Neuroma

A perineural fibrosis of a common plantar digital nerve, most often in the third intermetatarsal space, producing forefoot pain and paraesthesia.

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InflammatoryElbow

Olecranon Bursitis

Inflammation of the olecranon bursa at the posterior elbow, either inflammatory or septic, producing characteristic swelling over the olecranon.

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Patellar Dislocation

Lateral displacement of the patella from the trochlear groove, usually after a twisting injury, with rupture of the medial patellofemoral ligament.

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DegenerativeKnee

Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome

A common cause of anterior knee pain, particularly in young active patients, arising from altered patellofemoral joint loading without a single discrete structural lesion.

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InflammatoryHip

Piriformis Syndrome

A non-discogenic cause of sciatic-type buttock and leg pain attributed to compression or irritation of the sciatic nerve by the piriformis muscle.

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InflammatoryFoot & Ankle

Plantar Fasciitis

Overuse-related degenerative and inflammatory change at the plantar fascia origin on the medial calcaneal tubercle, producing heel pain.

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DegenerativeShoulder

Rotator Cuff Tear

Partial or full-thickness disruption of one or more rotator cuff tendons, most commonly supraspinatus, driven by age-related degeneration and mechanical factors.

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TraumaticShoulder

SLAP Tear

Superior labral anterior-posterior injury of the glenoid, seen in throwers and after traction or compression injuries, producing deep shoulder pain and catching.

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DegenerativeShoulder

Subacromial Impingement Syndrome

A spectrum of shoulder pain attributed to mechanical or functional impingement of the rotator cuff beneath the coracoacromial arch, now understood as part of rotator cuff disease.

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InflammatoryHand & Wrist

Trigger Finger

Stenosing tenosynovitis of the flexor tendon at the A1 pulley, producing catching, locking, and pain with finger flexion.

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