Olecranon Bursitis
Inflammation of the olecranon bursa at the posterior elbow, either inflammatory or septic, producing characteristic swelling over the olecranon.
Overview
Olecranon bursitis is inflammation of the subcutaneous bursa overlying the olecranon process. Traumatic, inflammatory (gout, rheumatoid), and septic subtypes are distinguished. Because the bursa lies superficially, it is readily traumatised and infected, most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus.
Epidemiology
Males predominate, particularly those in occupations involving elbow leaning or minor trauma ('student's elbow', 'miner's elbow'). Precise incidence is not well characterised, but it is a common presentation to emergency departments and primary care.
Symptoms
A well-defined swelling over the olecranon, typically non-tender in chronic non-septic cases and warm, red, and exquisitely tender in septic bursitis. Elbow range of motion is preserved, in contrast to septic arthritis. Systemic signs suggest infection.
Imaging
Diagnosis is clinical. Ultrasound confirms fluid collection and can be used to guide aspiration. Plain radiographs exclude underlying bony abnormality. Aspiration fluid is sent for Gram stain, culture, cell count, and crystal analysis.