Foot & Ankle

Introduction to Osteoarthritis of the Ankle Ankle joint injuries are quite common. While most ankle fractures and sprains heal well, they can sometimes lead to complications later in life. Over time, wear and tear in the joint following an injury can result in a condition known as osteoarthritis (OA) or

Introduction to Peroneal Tendon Subluxation The peroneal tendons belong to two muscles located along the outer edge of the lower leg. These tendons pass through a fibrous tunnel positioned behind the lateral malleolus (the outer ankle bone). When the structures that form or support this tunnel are damaged or injured,

What is an Orthotic Device? An orthotic device can take various forms, including: A foot pad or heel insert that can be purchased at a pharmacy or sporting goods store. A custom-molded shoe insert or an individually designed ankle brace tailored to your specific needs. Orthotic devices are commonly used

Vertical talus is an uncommon foot deformity present at birth, also referred to as congenital vertical talus. It is one of the primary causes of flatfoot in newborns, and can affect either one or both feet. While the condition does not cause pain in newborns or toddlers, untreated vertical talus

Turf toe refers to a sprain of the main joint in the big toe. This injury occurs when the toe is forcefully pushed into hyperextension, such as when accelerating into a sprint and the toe becomes stuck flat on the ground. While it is commonly associated with American football, turf

Understanding Toe and Forefoot Fractures Toe and forefoot fractures are common injuries that affect the bones of the toes, metatarsals, and the rest of the forefoot. These fractures often occur due to trauma from falls, sports injuries, or accidents. Additionally, repetitive pressure or improper footwear can contribute to stress fractures,

A talus fracture involves a break in one of the critical bones that form the ankle joint. These fractures are typically associated with high-impact injuries, such as those resulting from car accidents or falls from significant heights. Given the talus bone’s crucial role in facilitating ankle movement, fractures in this

Stress fractures are tiny cracks in a bone or significant bruising within the bone, often resulting from overuse or repetitive stress. These injuries are particularly prevalent among runners and athletes engaged in sports that involve frequent running, such as basketball and soccer. Typically, the pain associated with stress fractures develops

Ankle sprains are among the most frequent injuries affecting individuals of all ages and activity levels, and they are a leading cause of missed athletic participation. These injuries occur when the sturdy ligaments stabilizing the ankle are overstretched or torn. The severity of an ankle sprain depends on the number

Flatfoot, medically referred to as progressive collapsing foot deformity (PCFD) and previously known as adult-acquired flatfoot (AAF), is a complex condition affecting the foot and ankle. This disorder leads to the flattening of the foot’s arch and may also involve less apparent deformities. Another term often used for this condition

Plantar fasciitis, a prevalent condition affecting the heel, is among the leading causes of foot pain, particularly on the sole. Each year, nearly 2 million individuals seek treatment for this condition, highlighting its widespread impact. This condition arises when the plantar fascia—a robust, fibrous tissue that runs along the bottom

Pilon fractures are a distinct type of injury affecting the lower end of the tibia (shinbone), specifically involving the weight-bearing surface of the ankle joint. These fractures often extend to the fibula, the other bone in the lower leg. Typically resulting from high-impact incidents such as motor vehicle accidents or