Open Bankart repair is an operation to reattach the torn anterior labrum to the glenoid rim through an open incision, restoring stability to a shoulder that dislocates repeatedly. It is an alternative to arthroscopic repair for specific indications.
An incision is made at the front of the shoulder. The subscapularis muscle is split or detached to access the joint. The torn labrum is identified and reattached to the glenoid rim using suture anchors. The capsule is tightened. The subscapularis is repaired. The operation takes one and a half to two hours.
Open Bankart repair may be preferred when there is a large bony defect requiring bone grafting, revision after failed arthroscopic repair, significant capsular laxity requiring open plication, or when the surgeon's preference and experience favours an open approach.
Physiotherapy for rotator cuff and scapular strengthening, activity modification, and bracing. Arthroscopic Bankart repair and Latarjet procedure are surgical alternatives.
MRI arthrogram and CT to assess labral tear and bone loss. Standard pre-assessment.
Recurrence rates with open Bankart repair are approximately 5–8%, comparable to or slightly better than arthroscopic repair. Reliable restoration of stability.
Some restriction is expected and necessary for stability.
If the subscapularis is detached during the approach.
Visible anterior shoulder scar.
Despite repair. Approximately 5–8%.
If the muscle does not heal after reattachment.
Axillary or musculocutaneous nerve.
Shoulder joint infection.
Post-operative stiffness.
General anaesthesia with nerve block.
Sling for four to six weeks. Gentle exercises from week one. Active movement from six weeks. Strengthening from three months. Contact sport at six months. Full recovery six to nine months.
Reviews at two weeks, six weeks, three months, and six months.
Open repair gives better visualisation and access for complex cases — bone loss requiring grafting, revision surgery, and severe capsular laxity. For straightforward first-time repairs, arthroscopic technique is usually preferred.