Shoulder stabilisation is a surgical procedure to repair the structures that keep the shoulder joint in place, preventing recurrent dislocations. It is most commonly performed arthroscopically (Bankart repair) but may require an open procedure (Latarjet) for more complex cases.
In an arthroscopic Bankart repair, small incisions are made around the shoulder. A camera is used to inspect the joint, and the torn labrum (cartilage rim) is reattached to the socket using small anchors and sutures. In a Latarjet procedure, a small piece of bone (coracoid) is transferred to the front of the socket to create a bony block and reinforce the soft tissues. The operation typically takes one to two hours.
Surgery is recommended for patients who experience recurrent shoulder dislocations or instability that interferes with daily activities or sport. It is particularly considered in younger, active patients where the risk of further dislocations without surgery is high.
Physiotherapy to strengthen the muscles around the shoulder can improve stability. Activity modification and bracing may help. However, once the shoulder has dislocated multiple times, non-operative management is less likely to prevent further episodes.
A pre-assessment appointment will review your health and medications. You will need to fast before surgery. Arrange transport home and plan for wearing a sling for several weeks. If possible, set up your home to manage one-handed for the initial recovery period.
The aim is to prevent further dislocations and restore confidence in the shoulder. Arthroscopic Bankart repair has a success rate of approximately 85–90% in preventing further dislocations. The Latarjet procedure has an even higher success rate, often above 95%, and is generally chosen when bone loss is present.
Some loss of external rotation is expected, particularly after a Latarjet. This is rarely functionally significant.
There is a residual risk of re-dislocation, approximately 5–15% for Bankart repair, lower for Latarjet.
Post-operative discomfort is expected and usually settles over weeks.
The nerves around the shoulder may be stretched, particularly with the Latarjet. This is usually temporary.
Approximately 1% risk. May require antibiotics or further surgery.
Anchors or screws may migrate or cause irritation. Revision surgery is occasionally needed.
The transferred bone block may fail to heal in its new position.
Typically performed under general anaesthesia with a nerve block for post-operative pain relief. Your anaesthetist will discuss the options and any specific risks.
Your arm will be in a sling for four to six weeks. Gentle exercises begin within the first week. Active movement starts gradually from six weeks. Strengthening begins at three months. Return to non-contact sport is usually possible at three to four months; contact sport and high-risk activities at six months. Full recovery takes six to nine months.
You will usually be reviewed at two weeks for wound check, then at six weeks, three months, and six months. Physiotherapy is a critical component and usually begins within the first two weeks.
Yes, most patients return to sport, including contact sports, at around six months. Your surgeon and physiotherapist will guide you on readiness.
Recurrence is uncommon but possible. If it occurs, further surgery may be considered, often a Latarjet if the initial procedure was a Bankart repair.
A small loss of external rotation is common, especially after a Latarjet. Most patients do not notice this in daily life.