knee

The knee, the largest and one of the most intricate joints in the human body, plays a pivotal role in facilitating movement and supporting daily activities. Knee ligaments are essential connective tissues that link the femur (thighbone) to the tibia (shinbone) and fibula (the slender bone in the lower leg).

Collateral ligament injuries, such as sprains or tears, are among the most common knee injuries experienced by athletes. These essential ligaments connect the thighbone (femur) to the bones of the lower leg, providing stability and support to the knee joint. The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is located on the inner

Bowed legs, also known as genu varum or Blount’s disease, are a common and typically normal stage of development in toddlers. When a child with bowed legs stands with their feet together, a noticeable gap can often be seen between their knees and lower legs due to one or both

A Baker’s cyst, also referred to as a popliteal cyst, is a common knee condition characterized by a fluid-filled swelling behind the knee. This lump can lead to discomfort and restricted movement, particularly when bending or straightening the knee. The cyst is named after Dr. William Morrant Baker, the 19th-century

Arthritis refers to the inflammation of one or more joints, commonly presenting with pain, swelling, and stiffness. While this condition can affect any joint in the body, it is particularly prevalent in the knee. Knee arthritis often interferes with daily activities such as walking or climbing stairs, making it a

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most frequent knee injuries, often involving a sprain or tear. These injuries are particularly common among athletes engaged in high-intensity sports such as soccer, basketball, and football, where sudden stops and directional changes put the knee at risk. If you have sustained

Patellofemoral arthritis occurs when the cartilage beneath the kneecap (patella) and the groove in the thighbone (femur) where it glides become damaged or worn. This condition often leads to discomfort at the front of the knee and can significantly hinder daily movements such as kneeling, squatting, and navigating stairs, particularly

The kneecap, or patella, typically rests securely within a groove at the lower end of the thighbone (femur), moving smoothly up and down as the knee bends and straightens. However, certain incidents, such as a fall or direct impact, can cause the patella to slide too far to the side,

When your patella, or kneecap, stays properly aligned within the trochlear groove of your knee joint, movement feels seamless—allowing you to walk, run, sit, and stand with ease. However, when the kneecap shifts out of this groove, it can lead to recurrent instability, where frequent dislocations occur, accompanied by pain

Knee osteonecrosis, also referred to as avascular necrosis, is a debilitating condition resulting from a disrupted blood supply to a portion of the bone in the femur (thighbone) or tibia (shinbone). Since healthy bone tissue relies on a consistent blood flow for nourishment and repair, the interruption can lead to

A patellar fracture refers to a break in the patella, commonly known as the kneecap. This small yet vital bone is positioned at the front of the knee and serves as a protective shield for the knee joint. Due to its role, the patella is particularly susceptible to fractures caused

Total knee and hip replacements are among the most commonly performed elective surgeries, significantly improving the quality of life for many patients by relieving pain and enabling them to engage in more active lifestyles. However, as with any surgical procedure, there are risks involved. Although rare, approximately 1 in 100